Final report see notes 000 coloniegtl colt 1 s s r s g s r g r coli 16 16 amoxclavulanic. Case 32 years old male, fit and well, gym 3 x week creatinine 75mmoll, egfr 90mlmin, urine acr 3. Interpretation of urinalysis results urinalysis is used as a screening andor diagnostic tool to detect substances or cellular material in the urine associated with metabolic disorders, renal dysfunction or urinary tract infections uti. Proteus some exceptions exist, such as staphylococcus, enterococcus, and. Organic acid analysis, urine organic acid interpretation 01 analysis of this urine specimen revealed a normal pattern of organic acids. It seems to be a straightforward test, and most physicians think they are well versed in the interpretation of the results. A 24hour urine collection can be difficult for elderly patients or those with incontinence and is especially cumbersome in the outpatient setting. This article discusses methods of collecting and testing urine using reagent strips and provides a guide for interpreting the results. The tests detect andor measure several substances in the urine, such as byproducts of normal and abnormal metabolism, cells, cellular fragments, and bacteria. Urine analysis 4 release them sporadically during the day which means they may be missed by a single urine sample. Interpreting urinalysis and urine culture results philip sloane, md, mph professor of family medicine and geriatrics.
All urine will give a ph reading on analysis and it is usually slightly acidic. Urine specimens should be refrigerated if they cannot be examined within 2 hours because urine begins to break down after that time, becoming more alkaline, and rendering some urine tests inaccurate. Interpretation of the urinalysis part 2 the dipstick youtube. Dipstick urine analysis without urine culture is sufficient for dxof uncomplicated uti sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 82% when positive for either leukocyte esterase or nitrite. If the sample is extremely hypocellular, it may be very difficult to see the pellet. Always wear gloves whilst messing about with another persons pee. Dipstick positive for blood indicates heme is present.
Urinalysis and urine electrolytes principles and practice. Interpretation of electrolytes in blood and urine there are no normal values for the urinary excretion of water and electrolytes data should be interpreted by consideration of the prevailing stimulus and the expected renal response kamel et al. Please note that this urine specimen was very dilute. Urinalysis interpretation university of wisconsinmadison. Urine toxicology use and interpretation kara lynch readonly. The urine will be looked at for color and clearness.
Urine is produced by the kidneys, two fistsized organs located on either side of the spine at the bottom of the. It can also help find serious diseases in the early stages, like chronic kidney disease, diabetes, or liver disease. This is a very commonly ordered test which is performed in many clinical settings such as physicians offices, hospitals, clinics, emergency departments, and outpatient laboratories. Often, substances such as protein or glucose will begin to appear. Interpretation of renal function tests and the renal effects. Urine interpretation test analysis linkedin slideshare. Urine clarity is a good but not infallible guide to the presence or absence of uti.
Aug 12, 20 chemical analysis of urine the dipstick method of chemical analysis of urine 28. A dipstick is a thin, plastic stick with strips of chemicals on it. It can help find conditions that may need treatment, including infections or kidney problems. Urinalysis physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine involves many tests to detect and measure various compounds that pass through the urine also used to detect the presence of an infection in the urinary tract.
Milky urine suggests chyluria lymphaticurinary fistula. Interpretation of abnormal urine analysis urine may be a waste material for man but is an important guide for a physician presentor. Interpretation of the urinalysis part 1 introduction and inspection an overview of the components of a ua, along with discussion of urine color and turbidity. A urinalysis test is performed by collecting a urine sample from the patient in a specimen cup. Blood may make urine look red or the color of tea or cola. The vetscan ua urine strip reader is an analyzer designed to provide semiquantitative and qualitative results of common urinalysis chemistries, including microalbumin ma and urine protein creatinine upc ratios at the point of care. It is a very common test that can be performed in many health care settings, including doctors offices, urgent care facilities, laboratories, hospitals, and even at home.
The tests detect andor measure several substances in the urine, such as byproducts of normal and abnormal metabolism, cells, cellular fragments, and bacteria urine is produced by the kidneys, two fistsized organs located on either side of the spine at the bottom of the ribcage. Detected by heat coagulation or dipstick method urine proteins come from plasma protein and tommhorsfall th glycoprotein healthy individuals excrete gue or urinalysis microscopic urinalysis methodology a sample of wellmixed urine usually 1015 ml is centrifuged in a test tube at relatively low speed about 23,000 rpm for 510 minutes until a moderately cohesive button is produced at the bottom of the tube. In very dilute urine, small quantities of chemicals may be undetectable. The need for trained human resources in the field is, therefore, very essential not only for patient care but also for preventive measures.
Sep 25, 2019 urinalysis urine test, ua simply means analysis of urine. Apr 07, 2020 a 24yearold obese diabetic woman had the following blood and urine test results from specimens obtained at the same time. Arterial blood gas analysis is an essential part of diagnosing and managing a patients. Physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine involves many tests to detect and measure various compounds that pass through the urine also used to detect the presence of an infection in the urinary tract. Many believe that odoriferous urine is a sign of infection, but it can simply represent a. The urine that is produced by the kidney is a byproduct of some of the kidneys primary functions, which include. Microbiology fact sheet urine mc interpretation of results. Acidic urine may indicate formation of urinary stones, while alkaline urine may indicate a uti with certain types of bacteria, such as proteus mirabilis, klebsiella or pseudomonas higgins, 2007. Urine is produced by the kidneys, two fistsized organs located on either side of the spine at the bottom of the ribcage. A urinalysis is a group of physical, chemical, and microscopic tests.
Arterial blood gas analysis is an essential part of diagnosing and managing a patients oxygenation status and acidbase balance. The goal of this activity is to help advanced practitioners interpret urinalysis, learn how to evaluate the results, and relate the results to clinical practice. This guide provides a structured approach to documenting urinalysis results in a patients notes, with. Urine analysis appearance or color specific gravity ph leukocyte esterase nitrites urobilinogen bilirubin glucose ketones protein blood microscopic examination urobilinogenand bilirubin urobilinogenproduced in the gut from metabolism of bilirubin. It has been known for centuries that abnormalities in urine may indicate disease and the analysis of urine are developed from simple visual examination to the modern automated methods. Waste excretion urea, creatinine, drug metabolites, sulfates, uric acid. Acidic urine may indicate formation of urinary stones, while alkaline urine may indicate a uti with certain types of bacteria, such as proteus mirabilis, klebsiella or. Maintaining electrolyte balance such as sodium, chloride, potassium, and magnesium. Microbiology guide to interpreting minimum inhibitory. Urine tests can be a valuable diagnostic tool, especially since they are easily obtained and can provide a wide range of information. Thus, the cannabinoid detection window becomes a determinative factor in the appropriate interpretation of urine drug testing results for marijuana. Epithelial cells35, bacteriamany, yeastmany, amorphousmoderate, blood sugar195mgdlwhich of the following is.
Those dipsticks make a pretty good catapult for drops of eyeballseeking urine. The usefulness of this diagnostic tool is dependent. Uti dipstick test urine analysis a simple guide to urine analysis using the multistix dipstick method. Although the kidneys provide an excellent means of regulating acidbase balance, the system may take from. Please we need a pdf files for these amazing lectures read more. Urine samples and urinalysis article pdf available in nursing standard. Using a new pipette, dispense a drop of sample on a glass slide, similar to preparing a blood film. The program also helps clinicians understand the importance of proteinuria including causes and mechanisms, diagnosis and detection, and clinical relevance and treatment. The lack of adequate guidance has hindered the development of these standards for use in drug court. Urinalysis is a simple test that can provide important clinical information, has a quick turnaround. Urine that is exposed to air for a long time can also have elevated ph due to loss of co 2 from the urine specific gravity specific gravity is the weight of urine relative to distilled water and reflects the number and size weight of particles in urine. Type of collection discussion random there are no particular precautions to avoid contamination.
How to document urinalysis results in the notes geeky medics. This can be accomplished by performing a 24hour urine collection or by calculating the total urine protein to creatinine ratio using a single random urine specimen. A urinalysis is a simple test that looks at a small sample of your urine. The advantages of using urine for analysis includes the method is useful when there is a lack of sufficiently sensitive analytical technique to measure the concentration of drug in plasma with accuracy it is more convenient to collect urine samples, than drawing blood out of patient. If there are any abnormal findings then a microscopic evaluation of the urine if ind, ua micro will also be performed. Immerse the dipstick completely in the specimen of fresh urine. Urine analysis peer group meeting 10 april 2018 case urinalysis usefulness and interpretation pits fall. When interpreted in the context of a thorough history and physical examination, the clinician can use the information obtained from urinalysis to narrow the differential diagnosis and guide treatment. Understanding urinalysis national kidney foundation.
Therefore the analysis may fail to detect certain disorders which are characterized by minimal metabolite excretion. Lightly flick the bottom of the tube multiple times with your finger to gently resuspend the formed elements. This study was undertaken to evaluate an automated urinalysis system the sysmex ufi urisys 2400. Microscopic examination is essential for urine analysis, but a timeconsuming procedure. Urine toxicology use and interpretation kara lynch read. May discern between cocciand bacillary forms of bacteria on unstained urine sample. Urine test definition, disease detection, and results. Add the date and time in 24hr format of your entry.
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