This pdf created with the free robopdf home edition not legal for business or. It is built to survive intense heating during highvelocity flight through the atmosphere and to protect the crew andor instruments until it brings them safely to earth. Reentry vehicles returning from space are exposed to very high velocities in atmosphere. Uncontrolled and unprotected reentries in 1978, cosmos 954 reentered uncontrolled and crashed near great slave lake in the northwest territories of canada. In this area we note the papers scientists as yaroshevsky, belezky, rumyantsev, j. Aiaa4603 characteristic motion of reentry vehicles. Thermal protection for a reentry vehicle using heat. The purpose of the paper is to present the effect of flight attitude upon the aerodynamic characteristics of an apollo shaped re entry capsule. Atac was used to provide preliminary aerodynamic coefficients and heatshield sizing for the edl. For instance, vehicle handling dynamics and directional stability are mostly influenced by vehicle lateral, yaw and roll motions, while vehicle ride, attitude control and roadholding and. The air friction along can cause very high temperatures to be developed at the vehicle wall.
Entry aerodynamics enae 791 launch and entry vehicle design u n i v e r s i t y o f maryland. From apollo 1 to zero gravity by david darlin 9 an analysis of ablationshield requirements for manned reentry vehicles by leonard roberts. Past missions to mars were based on unguided entry, where entry vehicles carried payloads of less than 0. Comparisons were made with computational fluid dynamics and free molecular calculations. Maplesoft specializes in the modeling, simulation, and optimization of complex systems, such as vehicle chassis, suspension, and tires. The knowledge of reentry vehicles rv ight characteristics regarding geometrical shape, dimensions, and mechanical properties is essential for. Dynamics of atmospheric reentry aiaa education series.
Reentry vehicle dynamics aiaa education series, ny, ny 1984 10. Chassis dynamics and control of hybrid and electric vehicles. Aerodynamics and flight the wings allowed the spacecraft to. Three of the amarvs were launched by minuteman1 icbms on 20 december 1979, 8 october 1980 and 4 october 1981. Johnson space center houston, texas 77058 march 2002. The longitudinal and lateral motion show a stronger coupling, and also. The reentry dynamics and handling qualities of the generic hypersonic aerodynamic model exampleghame vehicle were studied employing generalized multiple scales theory. It involves a matter of orbital trajectory, air resistance, which can be broken down into a pressure gradient force and a frictional force, and the earths quirks of its atmosphere. Angular motion influence on reentry vehicle ablation or erosion asymmetry formation d. He discusses the fundamentals of hypersonic aerodynamics as they are used in estimating the aerodynamic characteristics of re entry configurations, re entry heat transfer for both lifting space shuttle and ballistic apollo configurations, thermal protection systems, and the application of hightemperature materials in design.
Heat variation of a re entry vehicle having velocity of 8 kmh vs altitude is given below with three different angles. Some of the key challenges of planetary entry are to dissipate the large kinetic energy of the entry vehicle and to land with precision. I was a student in the first course when it was created in the mid1980s. Theresearch of the dynamics of rotating bodies is very important for numerous applications such as the dynamics of satellites and reentries. According to above graph, we require ablative materials. In all, i would recommend dynamics of atmospheric re entry aiaa education and computational space flight mechanics over this one if you are beginning to learn the subject. During the thesis, a new vehicle dynamics model for driving simulators has been developed and validated with test track experiments at stora holm test track, goteborg, and also with simulator experiments performed at vtis newest simulator simiv. Computational fluid dynamics is used to obtain the flow field that develops around reentry capsules flare shape in hypersonic flow. Ballistic reentry vehicle flight dynamics arc aiaa. This book grew out of several courses on atmospheric entry offered at the air force institute of technology. Pascal was a proposed program to study the martian atmosphere. Heat variation of a reentry vehicle having velocity of 8 kmh vs altitude is given below with three different angles. Steady glide dynamic modeling and trajectory optimization for.
Introduction the thermal protection system tps of a reentry vehicle is one of the key components of its design. The authors experience in this area began with the advent of smaller, higher ballistic coefficient reentry vehicles with emphasis on improved performance and. Pdf flight analysis of wedge and blunt nose reentry. In a detailed reentry dynamics the downrange x, altitude h, velocity v.
Position and velocity estimation of reentry vehicles. Reentry vehicle dynamics aiaa education series regan, frank j. Thus, we must trade deceleration, heating, and accuracy to calculate the correct trajectory for. Generation of optimal reentry trajectory for a hypersonic vehicle hv satisfying both boundary conditions and path constraints is a challenging task. Re entry of space vehicle authorstream presentation. You can use virtual models to investigate vehicle ride and handling under different road conditions and driving maneuvers, develop vehicle dynamic control systems, and produce simulation code for hardwareintheloop testing and for use within a driving simulator. Reentry trajectory optimization for a hypersonic vehicle. Aerodynamics and flight the wings allowed the spacecraft. Dynamic inversion daigoro ito dennbr georgie john valasek donald t. Four amarvs were made and represented a significant leap in reentry vehicle sophistication. Amarv had an entry mass of approximately 470 kg, a nose radius of 2. However, with respect to the optimal reentry trajectory generation under constraints, the. Dynamics of bicycle model lateral axis to the point o which is the centre of rotationvehicle lateral position, measured along the vehicle vehicle longitudinal axis y x.
Based on nasas x37 design, the unmanned otv is designed for vertical launch to low earth orbit altitudes where it can perform long duration space technology experimentation and testing. In the present paper, flow simulations are carried on two design configurations of re entry vehicles, fire ii and orex using commercial flow solvers. A space vehicleobject entering the atmosphere of a planet passes different flow regimes, that is the flow field surrounding a vehicleobject evolves as it descends to the surface of a planet. Structural analysis and testing of the inflatable reentry. The predicted emission from the cn lines compares quite well with the experimental results, demonstrating the validity of the current approach. High performance modeling of atmospheric re entry vehicles. Jun 19, 2012 53rd aiaaasmeasceahsasc structures, structural dynamics and materials conference june 2012 inflatable re entry vehicle experiment irve 4 overview daniel litton. The part of a spacecraft or missile that reenters earths atmosphere. Lifting body reentry vehicle the lbrv is a conceptual small reentry vehicle, based on a realworld example. Thermal protection for a reentry vehicle using heat ablation. The re entry side of the design also posed unique analysis challenges. I would like to thank all vtis personnel for their friendship and their swedish lessons.
The course was taught from an analytical perspective, with finding. The model the spacecraft is implemented in matlabsimulink and consists of three models. Are you looking for vehicle dynamics ebook so download this pdf it will fulfil your need and you can learn better from this pdf. A planer reentry vehicle trajectory is provided in fig. Enae 791 launch and entry vehicle design u n i v e r s i t y o f maryland near free molecular flow regime also known as slip region gas molecule only attains state of moving boundary after several collisions molecules near the wall will have a different velocity from the wall temperature will be nearly discontinuous function. Platus 23 may 2012 journal of guidance, control, and dynamics, vol. Many of the numerical approaches require you to know the mass, surface area, etc.
Atmospheric entry is the movement of an object from outer space into and through the gases of an atmosphere of a planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite. During ascent, the spacecraft continued 228 e ng ier i ovat s this photo shows clouds enveloping portions of the vehicle sts34 1987 during ascent. National aeronautics and space administration for sale by the office of technical services, department of commerce, washington, d. In fact, if you are just starting out in the area of ballistic flight, i would recommend starting with fundamentals of astrodynamics dover books on aeronautical engineering. Whether its a rock hitting the water or a spacecraft hitting the atmosphere, we still have a dynamics problem. The reentry dynamics were examined for an optimal trajectory designed for the space shuttle orbiter 049 vehicle. Analysis of generic reentry vehicle flight dynamics. Aiaa4603 characteristic motion of re entry vehicles. Aerothermodynamic analysis of space vehicle phenomena. Position and velocity estimation of reentry vehicles using. The experiment on this project concentrates on understanding the various characteristics of hypersonic flow and reentry vehicle and. The vehicle creates lift by ying at high angles of attack. A re entry vehicle is the part of a spacecraft that is designed to return through earths atmosphere. Of course, unlike the meteor, in establishing a trajectory for a reentry vehicle, we must keep the vehicle intact.
The 3dof point mass dynamics of the reentry vehicle over a spherical, rotating earth is described as follows. So the geometrical of the vehicle is of prime interest in designing the vehicle. Reentry dynamics and handling qualities of a generic. As a relatively new swarm intelligent algorithm, an adaptive fireworks algorithm afwa has exhibited promising performance on some optimization problems. These ceramics when reinforced with superallh, or refractory metal honeycombs form. Reentry vehicle dynamics the reentry vehicle follows a curved path during atmospheric reentry. The main objective of this paper is to conduct computational analysis of a typical reentry vehicles. The contents in this book are presented at a theoreticalpractical level. When the launch vehicle was in the transonic regime, shocks formed at various positions. Advanced maneuverable reentry vehicle amarv was a prototype marv built by mcdonnelldouglas corp. Johnson langley research center langley station, hampton, va. Pdf analysis of generic reentry vehicle flight dynamics. The pertinent characteristics of such a vehicle are the liftdrag ratio, ld, the ballistic parameter, wcds, and the roll dynamics.
Steady glide dynamic modeling and trajectory optimization. Atmospheric reentry control for low liftdrag vehicles aiaa arc. Whether its a rock hitting the water or a spacecraft hitting the atmosphere, we still have a dynamics problem, one we can solve by applying our trusty. Ballistic reentry vehicle flight dynamics journal of. Mar 09, 2012 theresearch of the dynamics of rotating bodies is very important for numerous applications such as the dynamics of satellites and re entries. Approximate solutions for flightpath angle of a reentry. The far field is created around the body to created.
Theory and application is appropriate for senior undergraduate and first year graduate students in mechanical engineering. Computational analysis of hypersonic flow field over reentry. It explains vehicle dynamics concepts in detail, concentrating on their practical use. The x37b orbital test vehicle is the newest and most advanced reentry spacecraft. Before we can see how to juggle all these reentry constraints, we need to develop a way of analyzing reentry motion, to see how various trajectories and vehicle shapes affect its reentry. The second study was the design of the entry, descent, and landing edl vehicle for the pascal probe. Structural and control concepts for variable geometry. He discusses the fundamentals of hypersonic aerodynamics as they are used in estimating the aerodynamic characteristics of reentry configurations, reentry heat transfer for both lifting space shuttle and ballistic apollo configurations, thermal protection systems, and the application of hightemperature materials in design. The reentry side of the design also posed unique analysis challenges. Ves nitrogen gas system inflates the reentry ir vehicle to the desired conical shape. Reentry vehicle definition and meaning collins english.
Hankey addresses the kinetic theory of gases and the prediction of vehicle trajectories during reentry, including a description of the earths atmosphere. Consider the concepts of oversteer, understeer, and neutral steer a vehicle oversteers when the actual cornering radius decreases with vehicle speed acf pdf it will fulfil your need and you can learn better from this pdf. Consider the concepts of oversteer, understeer, and neutral steer a vehicle oversteers when the actual cornering radius decreases with vehicle speed acf vehicle. Vehicle dynamics full notes, pdfs, ebooks, downloads. In all, i would recommend dynamics of atmospheric reentry aiaa education and computational space flight mechanics over this one if you are beginning to learn the subject. The dynamics of atmospheric reentry are simple to visualize but difficult to derive. Metsker and others published analysis of generic reentry vehicle flight dynamics find, read and cite all the research you need on.
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